利用有限元分析技术对7075铝合金激光焊接过程进行动态模拟,在对激光焊接温度场进行数值模拟的基础上,分析了铝合金薄板的残余应力及变形。结果表明:焊后纵向残余应力占主导地位,其最大值约为368 MPa;而横向残余应力相对小得多,其最大值为52 MPa;焊后焊接件的残余变形似反马鞍状。采用纳米压痕法检测7075铝合金激光焊接的残余应力,将模拟结果与实测数据进行对比分析,结果显示模拟结果与实测值吻合良好。 The finite element analysis technology was used to simulate the laser welding process of 7075 aluminum alloy. Based on the numerical simulation of laser welding temperature field, the residual stress and deformation of aluminum alloy sheet were analyzed. The results show that the longitudinal residual stress after welding is dominant, the maximum value is about 368 MPa, while the transverse residual stress is relatively smaller and the maximum value is 52 MPa. The residual deformation of the welded parts after welding is similar to that of the saddle shape. The nanoindentation method was used to detect the residual stress of laser welding of 7075 aluminum alloy. The simulation results were compared with the measured data. The results show that the simulation results are in good agreement with the measured values.