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世界范围内每年约采集全血8000万单位,其中2/3的血液采自工业发达国家,但人口却不到世界人口的1/3。在日本,每年每1000公民采集血液67单位;在不丹,却仅0.4单位。国与国之间差别较大。人们很早就认识到输血存在着危险性。随着ABO血型的鉴定、容器的消毒、可耐用的设备及冷藏贮存的出现,提高了输血的安全性,但出现了另外的问题。偶有受血者因输血患了梅毒或疟疾,以后认识到输血有传染肝炎的可能性。二次世界大战后近30年,这个问题仍未解决。在这个时期更清楚地认识到血液来源的重要性。有偿供血引起的输血后肝炎(PTH)的危险性比自愿无偿供血高许多倍。其后大力地发展了自愿供血。对供血者和病人的安全来说,
Around 80 million units of whole blood are collected each year worldwide, of which 2/3 of the blood is collected from industrially developed countries, but the population is less than one-third of the world’s population. In Japan, every year 1,000 citizens collect blood for 67 units; in Bhutan, there are only 0.4 units. There is a big difference between countries. People have long realized that blood transfusions are dangerous. With the identification of ABO blood types, the disinfection of containers, the availability of durable equipment, and the presence of refrigerated storage, the safety of blood transfusions has increased, but additional problems have arisen. Occasionally, blood recipients have developed syphilis or malaria due to blood transfusion, and later realized that blood transfusions have the potential to spread hepatitis. Nearly 30 years after World War II, this issue has not been resolved. During this period, the importance of blood sources was more clearly recognized. The risk of posttransfusion hepatitis (PTH) caused by paid blood supply is many times higher than that of voluntary unpaid blood supply. Since then, voluntary blood supply has been vigorously developed. For the safety of blood donors and patients,