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目的了解郴州市内高血压病患者的健康行为现况。方法采用统一的调查问卷对郴州市内社区的339名高血压病患者健康行为及不良生活方式和行为分阶段转变进行现况调查。结果高血压病患者吸烟者占27.4%,饮酒者占29.2%,未能坚持清淡饮食的占56.6%,54.9%的患者每天摄入的蔬菜水果不足500 g,68.1%的患者未能坚持有效体育锻炼,48.7%的患者超重或肥胖,58.7%的患者未能较好地控制情绪。患者的各项不良行为在不同转变阶段均有分布,但饮食、体育锻炼、控制体重以及情绪调节等行为在大多数患者均处于“没有准备”和“犹豫不决”两个阶段之中。高血压病患者在限盐、蔬菜水果的摄入、体育锻炼以及控制体重、情绪调节等方面各转变阶段社会支持水平的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),社会支持得分越高,行为转变所处的阶段也相应越高。结论高血压病患者的健康行为状况不容乐观,社区医护人员应创造良好的社会支持性环境,并采取有效干预措施,促进患者建立并维持良好的健康生活方式和行为。
Objective To understand the status of health behaviors in hypertension patients in Chenzhou City. Methods A unified questionnaire was used to investigate the health status, lifestyle changes and behavioral changes in 339 hypertensive patients in community in Chenzhou. Results Hypertension patients accounted for 27.4% of smokers, drinkers accounted for 29.2%, failed to adhere to light diet accounted for 56.6%, 54.9% of patients daily intake of fruits and vegetables less than 500g, 68.1% of patients failed to adhere to effective sports Exercise, 48.7% of patients were overweight or obese, 58.7% of patients failed to better control emotions. All kinds of bad behaviors of patients are distributed in different stages of transition. However, diet, physical exercise, weight control and emotional regulation are all in the two stages of “unprepared” and “hesitated” in most patients Among them. There was significant difference in the level of social support for hypertensive patients in the transitional stages of salt restriction, intake of fruits and vegetables, physical exercise, body weight control and emotion regulation (P <0.01), higher social support scores and behavioral changes The stage in which the corresponding higher. Conclusion The health status of hypertensive patients is not optimistic. Community health workers should create a good social supportive environment and take effective interventions to promote patients to establish and maintain good healthy lifestyles and behaviors.