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【目的】测试孤独症儿童混合面部表情的识别能力及通过眼和嘴对面孔性别进行区分的能力。【方法】采用自制计算机系统对32例孤独症儿童和32例正常儿童进行测试并分析,以正确率、反应时和错误类型为分析指标,两组儿童在发展年龄上进行匹配。【结果】1)孤独症组儿童识别混合面部表情的平均正确率小于正常对照组〔(58.0±15.6)%和(78.4±13.5)%,t=5.4,P=0.000〕,平均反应时长于正常对照组[(9 948.3±3 116.2)ms和(5 617.0±1 362.9)ms,t=4.7,P=0.000]。2)孤独症组儿童区分面孔性别的平均正确率小于正常对照组[眼部为(76.7±11.5)%和(86.6±10.9)%,嘴部为(66.2±12.8)%和(73.1±10.7)%],平均反应时长于正常对照组[眼部为(4 138.7±542.0)ms和(2 721.9±636.6)ms,嘴部为(3 807.8±710.1)ms和(2 836.5±619.9)ms]。【结论】孤独症组儿童在做关于面部表情的判断时更依赖于面孔的下半部分信息;他们可以使用来自眼部的信息来加工面孔的性别信息,而与正常对照组相比他们没有显示出有使用嘴部信息来处理面孔性别信息的优势。
【Objective】 To test the ability of children with autism to recognize mixed facial expressions and to differentiate the gender of faces through eyes and mouth. 【Method】 32 cases of autistic children and 32 normal children were tested and analyzed by self-made computer system. The correct rate, reaction time and wrong type were used as the analysis indexes, and the two groups of children were matched in their developmental ages. 【Results】 1) The average correct rate of recognition of mixed facial expressions in children with autism was less than that of the normal control group (58.0 ± 15.6% vs 78.4 ± 13.5%, t = 5.4, P = 0.000) The control group [(9 948.3 ± 3 116.2) ms and (5 617.0 ± 1 362.9) ms, t = 4.7, P = 0.000]. 2) The average correct rate of gender discrimination in children with autism was less than that in normal controls (76.7 ± 11.5% and 86.6 ± 10.9% in eyes, and 66.2 ± 12.8% and 73.1 ± 10.7% in mouths, respectively) %]. The average response time was longer in the control group [(4 138.7 ± 542.0) ms and (2 721.9 ± 636.6) ms and (3 807.8 ± 710.1) ms and (2 836.5 ± 619.9) ms, respectively). [Conclusion] Children with autism rely more on the lower half of face information when making judgments about facial expressions; they can use the information from the eye to process the face’s gender information while they are not shown compared to the normal control group There is the advantage of using mouth information to deal with faces’ gender information.