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子宫内膜异位症虽为良性病变，但具有类似恶性肿瘤的表现，如浸润生长、远处转移和极易复发，且具有恶变倾向。目前，子宫内膜异位症恶变机制仍不清楚，可能与氧化应激、炎症及雌激素等因素有关。子宫内膜异位症恶变的病理组织学类型主要为上皮性卵巢癌、其他苗勒管型肿瘤及肉瘤；恶变部位主要位于卵巢，其他部位虽少见，但仍有报道。子宫内膜异位症恶变的早期诊断与预后关系密切，治疗方法以手术为主，辅以放疗、化疗及孕激素综合治疗。“,”Endometriosis is a benign lesions,but it is similar to the behavior of the malignant tumor,such as infiltrating growth,distant metastasis and easy relapse,and it has malignant tendency. Currently,the mech-anism of malignant transformation of endometriosis is still unclear,which may be related to oxidative stress, inflammation,estrogen and other factors. The histological type of malignant transformation of endometriosis is mainly epithelial ovarian cancer,and other Mullerian tumors and sarcoma. The malignant part is mainly loca-ted in ovarian,although rare in other parts,there are still reports. Early diagnosis of malignant transformation of endometriosis is closely related to the prognosis. The major treatment is surgery,assisted by combined ther-apy of radiotherapy,chemotherapy and progesterone.