50年前,袁隆平提出杂交水稻生产的设想,在中国科学家的努力下得以实现并应用.半个世纪以来,杂交水稻在中国和多个国家得到了广泛的种植,为粮食安全提供了有力的保障.近20年来,以光温敏两用雄性核不育系为基础的两系杂交稻在水稻生产中占据越来越重要的地位.中国科学家发现了多个具有实用价值的光温敏雄性不育系,并开展了系统研究,对两系法杂交稻的广泛推广发挥了关键作用.近年来,几个重要的光温敏雄性不育基因被成功克隆,并初步阐明了其作用的分子机理,对于培育新型优良的不育系具有重要意义.本文将介绍杂交水稻在中国的发现和研究现状,以庆祝50年前袁隆平先生提出杂交水稻生产的设想. Fifty years ago, Yuan Longping proposed the idea of ​​hybrid rice production, which was implemented and applied by Chinese scientists. Since half a century, hybrid rice has been widely planted in many countries in China and provided a powerful guarantee for food security In the past two decades, two-line hybrid rice based on thermo-photo-thermo-sensitive male sterile lines has become more and more important in the production of rice.Chinese scientists have discovered a number of pragmatic photosynthetic male And studied systematically, which played a key role in the widespread popularization of two-line hybrid rice.In recent years, several important photoperiod-sensitive male sterility genes have been successfully cloned and the molecular mechanism of their roles has been tentatively elucidated , Is of great significance to cultivate a new type of excellent CMS.This paper will introduce the current status of the discovery and research of hybrid rice in China to celebrate the suggestion put forward by Mr. Yuan Longping for hybrid rice production 50 years ago.