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常规渗碳是在临界点 A_(c3)以上(920～940℃)较均匀的奥氏体中进行,渗层表面的碳含量一般控制在0.8～1.05%范围内。不均匀奥氏体渗碳时,渗碳温度较低(A_(cl)～A_(cm)之间),是在不均匀的奥氏体中进行的,渗层表面的碳含量可达2～3%,碳化物量可达50%以上,碳化物呈细小的颗粒状,均匀分布在渗层表层;渗碳件经直接淬火或重新加热淬火、回火后,可获得很高的硬度和良好的耐磨性能。本文以常用的20、20CrMnTi 结构钢和 T12、3Cr2W8V、GCr15和 W18Cr4V等工模具钢为例,阐明不均匀奥氏体渗碳(或碳氮共渗)的原理、渗层组织和性能特征及其实际应用。
Conventional carburizing is carried out in a relatively uniform austenite above the critical point A_ (c3) (920 to 940 ° C), and the carbon content on the surface of the layer is generally controlled within the range of 0.8 to 1.05%. In the case of non-uniform austenite carburizing, carburizing temperature is low (between A_ (cl) and A_ (cm)) and is carried out in non-uniform austenite. The carbon content on the surface of the carburizing layer can reach 2 ~ 3%, the amount of carbide up to 50%, carbide particles were finely distributed evenly on the surface of the infiltration layer; carburized pieces directly quenched or reheated quenching, tempering, get high hardness and good Wear resistance. In this paper, the commonly used 20,20 CrMnTi structural steel and T12, 3Cr2W8V, GCr15 and W18Cr4V and other tool steel as an example, illustrate the principle of uneven austenite carburizing (or carbonitriding), the infiltration layer organization and performance characteristics and its Practical application.