“图式”(schema,复数为schemata)最早由康德提出,皮亚杰进一步完善。图式是学习者储存于其头脑中的过去获得的知识体系和结构,学习者在学习新知识的时候,必须将新知识与自己过去习得的概念原理及背景知识联系起来,不然的话,新知识完全失去意义,就像完全没学过英语的人看英语文章,头脑不会有这篇文章的任何意义。该理论十分注重背景知识在激活旧知,理解和消化新知方面的作用。一般来说,图式被分为三种,即:语言图式(tic schemacontent schemalinguis- “Schema ” (schema, complex schemata) was first proposed by Kant, Piaget further improved. The schema is a system and structure of knowledge acquired in the past by learners stored in their minds. When learners learn new knowledge, they must associate the new knowledge with the concepts and backgrounds they acquired in the past, otherwise, the new Knowledge completely out of meaning, just as people who have never learned English read English articles, the mind will not have any meaning of this article. The theory pays close attention to the role of background knowledge in activating old knowledge, understanding and digesting new knowledge. In general, the schema is divided into three types, namely: tic schemacontent schemalinguis-