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痰液是呼吸道的分泌物,当呼吸道受各种因素刺激时即产生痰液。痰液包括细胞和粘液两部分;细胞来自呼吸道粘膜的上皮、肺泡、肺间质、血液及网状内皮系统;粘液由气管、支气管粘膜的腺体及杯状细胞分泌而来,一部分为微细血管渗出液。因此,痰液的变化能反映呼吸道及肺部病变的情况。 近几十年来,国内外用痰细胞涂片检查法辅助诊断肺癌和肺结核等特异疾病的文献报告较多,但对呼吸道非特异性炎症病人痰的变化,报导较少。
Sputum is a respiratory secretions, when the respiratory tract stimulated by various factors that produce sputum. Sputum includes cells and mucus in two parts; cells from the respiratory mucosa of the epithelium, alveoli, interstitial lungs, blood and reticuloendothelial system; mucus from the trachea, bronchial mucosa of the gland and goblet cells secreted from the part of the micro-vascular Exudate. Therefore, changes in sputum can reflect the respiratory and pulmonary lesions. In recent decades, the domestic and international sputum cell smear-assisted diagnosis of lung cancer and tuberculosis and other specific diseases reported in the literature, but non-specific respiratory respiratory tract sputum changes in patients with less reported.