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中国具有丰富的水利水力资源,新中国成立之后已修建了许多综合利用多目标水库。本文将简要论述入库径流描述、马尔可夫链分析、水库优化调度模型、报酬函数与目标函数,最后以广东省跨流域补偿调节的水库群优化调度为例进行说明。计算表明,与水库常规调度进行比较,水电站的保证出力和平均年发电量将分别增加9.6％与4.6％,因而可使同一电力系统中火电站的燃料年耗费量减少约30000吨。此外,航运枯水流量将由75立米/秒增加量90立米/秒,河川径流利用系数将由0.885增加量0.920。由此可见,跨流域补偿调节的水库群优化调度具有显著的经济效益。
China has abundant water conservancy and hydropower resources. Since the founding of new China, many comprehensive utilization multi-target reservoirs have been constructed. This article will briefly discuss the runoff description, Markov chain analysis, reservoir optimal dispatch model, compensation function and objective function. Finally, an example will be given to illustrate the optimal dispatching of reservoirs in Guangdong Province. The calculation shows that compared with the conventional regulation of reservoirs, the guaranteed output and the average annual generating capacity of hydropower plants will increase 9.6% and 4.6% respectively, thus reducing the annual fuel consumption of thermal power plants in the same power system by about 30,000 tons. In addition, the dry flow of shipping will be increased by 75 m / s 90 m / s, and the river runoff utilization coefficient will be increased by 0.885 0.920. It can be seen that there are significant economic benefits for the optimal dispatching of reservoirs across the basin.