根霉菌(Rhizopus oryzae)是热带果蔬采后主要病原真菌之一,不仅引起果实腐烂,影响果实风味,还能分泌对人体有毒害作用的麦角类生物碱,对果蔬贮藏具有极大的危害。本研究从腐烂的草莓(Fragaria ananassa L.cv.Zhangji)中分离主要致病菌,经核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(r DNA-ITS)序列分析辅以传统的形态学观察法,鉴定其遗传背景,然后利用碳酸氢钠(SB)、硼酸(BA)、肉桂油(Co)、硝普钠(SNP)、亚磷酸盐(Phi)等5种已知抑菌物质处理病原菌。通过检测处理前后病原菌生理、生化指标的改变以及番茄(Solanum lycopersicum cv.Ailsa Cragi)果实接种实验,确定5种抑菌物质对病原菌发育及致病力的影响。结果表明,分离的病原菌通过回接试验证实为草莓的主要致病菌,致病力强,果实发病部位出现明显的褐化、软化以及水化,病征与匍枝根霉(Rhizopus stolonifer)引起的软腐病表型相似。同时,利用ITS通用引物扩增得到大小约600 bp的产物,经比对后与Rhizopus oryzae的r DNA-ITS序列完全一致,因此判断该病原菌为R.oryzae。此外,本研究选用的5种物质对R.oryzae都有明显的抑制作用,且抑菌效果均与浓度成正比。当SB、BA、SNP、Co以及Phi的浓度分别达到0.2%、0.2%、0.5%、0.02%及5 mmol/L时,培养6 h后对照病原菌的孢子萌发率超过90%,而抑菌物质处理的孢子萌发率均低于10%。因此,这些浓度被确定为5种物质的最低抑菌浓度。在最低抑菌浓度下,尽管抑制效力有所不同,但5种抑菌物质均能明显延缓芽管伸长及菌丝扩展速度,降低病原菌生物量积累,引起病原菌糖吸收障碍,并对R.oryzae诱发的番茄软腐病有明显的防治作用。其中BA、Co和Phi在体外抑菌实验中效果优于SB和SNP;SB、BA以及Phi对番茄R.oryzae软腐病的防治效果优于Co与SNP。本研究为果蔬采后病原菌R.oryzae的防治提供了新的思路,为开发SB、BA、Co、SNP以及Phi等5种抑菌物质的应用潜力提供了理论基础。 Rhizopus oryzae is one of the main pathogenic fungi in tropical fruits and vegetables after harvest, which not only causes fruit decay but also affects the fruit flavor, but also secrete ergot alkaloids that have toxic effects on human body, which are very harmful to the storage of fruits and vegetables. In this study, the main pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the rotten strawberry (Fragaria ananassa L.cv.Zhangji) and identified by the conventional morphological observation after analysis of r DNA-ITS sequence in ribosomal DNA The pathogen was then treated with five known bacteriostatic substances such as sodium bicarbonate (SB), boric acid (BA), cinnamon oil (Co), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and phosphite (Phi) The effects of five kinds of bacteriostatic substances on pathogen development and pathogenicity were determined by examining the changes of physiological and biochemical indexes of the pathogenic bacteria and Solanum lycopersicum cv. Ailsa Cragi fruit inoculation experiments. The results showed that the isolated pathogens were confirmed to be the main pathogens of strawberry through the back-connection test. The pathogenicity was strong and browning, softening and hydration occurred in the diseased parts of the fruit. The pathogen was caused by Rhizopus stolonifer Soft rot phenotypes are similar. At the same time, about 600 bp of the amplified product was obtained by ITS universal primer. The rDNA-ITS sequence of Rhizopus oryzae was exactly the same after the comparison, so the pathogen was identified as R. oryzae. In addition, the five substances selected in this study have obvious inhibitory effect on R.oryzae, and the antibacterial effect is proportional to the concentration. When the concentrations of SB, BA, SNP, Co and Phi reached 0.2%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.02% and 5 mmol / L respectively, the spore germination rate of control pathogen was over 90% Spore germination rates were below 10%. Therefore, these concentrations were determined as the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the five substances. At the lowest inhibitory concentration, five inhibitory substances could delay germ tube elongation and mycelium expansion rate, reduce the biomass accumulation of pathogens, cause pathogenic bacteria to absorb sugar, and inhibit R. solanacearum in spite of different inhibitory potency. Oryzae-induced tomato soft rot has a significant preventive effect. Among them, BA, Co and Phi were better than SB and SNP in antibacterial activity in vitro. The control effect of SB, BA and Phi on tomato soft rot disease was better than that of Co and SNP. This study provided a new idea for the prevention and treatment of R.oryzae, a post-harvest pathogen of fruits and vegetables, and provided the theoretical basis for developing potential applications of five bacteriostatic substances such as SB, BA, Co, SNP and Phi.