论文部分内容阅读
收获指数和秸秆系数对作物生产研究和秸秆资源评估具有重要意义。本研究主要根据2006—2010年文献的田间实测数据,研究了非禾谷类大田作物在中国大陆主产省份的收获指数和秸秆系数。结果表明:大豆收获指数和秸秆系数全国平均值分别为0.42和1.50,6个省份的收获指数为0.35～0.47,秸秆系数1.13～1.86。马铃薯收获指数和秸秆系数的全国平均值分别为0.59和0.71,甘薯分别为0.69和0.45,木薯分别为0.64和0.50。其中,11个省份的马铃薯、甘薯和木薯等薯类作物收获指数为0.55～0.77、秸秆系数0.30～1.17。棉花皮棉收获指数和秸秆系数全国平均值分别为0.15和2.91,5个省份棉花的皮棉收获指数为0.12～0.18,秸秆系数2.41～4.09。花生的收获指数和秸秆系数全国平均数分别为0.50和1.14,6个省份花生收获指数为0.41～0.54,秸秆系数0.85～1.43。油菜的收获指数和秸秆系数全国平均数分别为0.26和2.87,6个省份油菜收获指数为0.24～0.28,秸秆系数2.57～3.17。向日葵收获指数和秸秆系数全国平均数分别为0.32和2.63,4个省份向日葵收获指数为0.21～0.40,秸秆系数1.50～3.76。由2个省份获得的芝麻收获指数和秸秆系数的平均数分别为0.34和2.01。甜菜的收获指数和秸秆系数全国平均数分别为0.71和0.43,3个省份的甜菜收获指数为0.60～0.85,秸秆系数为0.18～0.67。甘蔗只获得福建省收获指数0.70,秸秆系数为0.43。烟草的收获指数和秸秆系数全国平均数分别为0.61和0.71,7个省份的烟草收获指数为0.52～0.67,秸秆系数为0.49～0.92。提出我国大田作物应在保证稳步提高单位面积经济产量的前提下,适度降低收获指数以提高其秸秆产量。
Harvesting index and straw coefficient are important for crop production research and straw resource assessment. Based on the field data from 2006 to 2010, this study studied the harvest index and straw coefficient of non-cereal field crops in the main producing provinces of mainland China. The results showed that the national average of soybean harvest index and straw coefficient were 0.42 and 1.50 respectively, the harvest index was 0.35 ~ 0.47 in 6 provinces, and the straw coefficient was 1.13 ~ 1.86. The national average for the potato harvest index and the straw coefficient were 0.59 and 0.71 respectively, for sweet potato 0.69 and 0.45, for cassava 0.64 and 0.50 respectively. Among them, the harvest index of potato crops such as potato, sweet potato and cassava in 11 provinces was 0.55-0.77 and the straw coefficient was 0.30-1.17. The national average of lint harvest index and straw coefficient of cotton was 0.15 and 2.91 respectively. The lint harvest index of cotton in five provinces was 0.12 ~ 0.18 and the straw coefficient was 2.41 ~ 4.09. The average peanut harvest index and straw coefficient were 0.50 and 1.14 respectively. The peanut harvest index was 0.41 ~ 0.54 in 6 provinces, and the straw coefficient was 0.85 ~ 1.43. The average harvest index and the straw coefficient of rape were 0.26 and 2.87 respectively. The harvest index of rape in 6 provinces was 0.24 ~ 0.28, and the straw coefficient was 2.57 ~ 3.17. The national average of sunflower harvest index and straw coefficient were 0.32 and 2.63 respectively. The harvest index of sunflower in 4 provinces was 0.21 ~ 0.40 and the straw coefficient was 1.50 ~ 3.76. The average sesame harvest index and straw coefficient obtained from two provinces were 0.34 and 2.01, respectively. The average beet harvest index and the straw coefficient were 0.71 and 0.43 respectively. The sugar beet harvest index was 0.60-0.85 in three provinces and the straw coefficient was 0.18-0.67. Sugarcane only received Fujian harvest index of 0.70, straw coefficient of 0.43. The national average of tobacco harvest index and straw coefficient were 0.61 and 0.71 respectively. The tobacco harvest index of 7 provinces was 0.52 ~ 0.67, and the straw coefficient was 0.49 ~ 0.92. It is proposed that the field crops in our country should reduce the harvest index moderately to increase the output of straw under the premise of ensuring steady increase of economic output per unit area.