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目的:探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)及其相关因素对新生儿体成分的影响,为其临床研究提供参考依据。方法:采用前瞻性研究纳入152例母亲诊断为GDM的新生儿作为观察组,同时随机抽取152例母亲无GDM发生的新生儿作为对照组。所有新生儿均于出生后24~48 h进行皮褶厚度的测量,应用多元线性回归分析影响脂肪重量(TBF),体脂百分含量(F%)及瘦体重(LBM)的相关因素。结果:观察组新生儿TBF〔(588.7±66.8)g〕及F%〔(17.5±1.9)%〕均明显高于对照组新生儿,而LBM〔(2 498.5±118.9)g〕低于对照组新生儿〔(2 604.7±125.4)g〕,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组GDM孕妇孕前体重、孕前体质指数、分娩前体重、妊娠增重及空腹血糖影响新生儿TBF,孕前体质指数、分娩前体重、妊娠增重影响新生儿F%,孕妇身高影响新生儿LBM(P均<0.05)。对照组妊娠增重影响新生儿TBF,孕前体质指数、妊娠增重影响新生儿F%,孕前体质指数影响新生儿LBM(P均<0.05)。结论:GDM孕妇血糖水平、孕前体重及孕前增重程度等多种因素可以影响新生儿的体成分,在临床及生活中需要对上述危险因素早期检测、早期发现、早期干预,降低新生儿体成分的改变及成年期相关代谢性疾病的发生风险。
Objective: To investigate the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its related factors on neonatal body composition and provide a reference for its clinical research. Methods: Fifty-two newborns with GDM diagnosed as mothers were enrolled in the prospective study. 152 mothers with no GDM were randomly selected as the control group. All newborns were measured for skinfold thickness 24 to 48 hours after birth. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing body fat percentage (TBF), body fat percentage (F%), and lean body mass (LBM). Results: The neonatal TBF 〔(588.7 ± 66.8) g〕 and F% 〔(17.5 ± 1.9)%〕 in the observation group were significantly higher than that of the control group, while the LBM 〔(4949.5 ± 118.9〕 g〕 was lower than that of the control group Neonatal 〔(2 604.7 ± 125.4〕 g〕, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The weight of prenatal body weight, body mass index before pregnancy, weight before delivery, weight gain of pregnancy and fasting blood glucose in the observation group affected the neonatal TBF, body mass index before pregnancy, body weight before delivery, weight gain in pregnancy, neonatal F% P <0.05). The weight gain of pregnant women in the control group affected the neonatal TBF, body mass index before pregnancy, F% of newborns during pregnancy, LBM (P <0.05). Conclusion: The blood glucose level of pregnant women, the body weight before pregnancy and the degree of pre-pregnancy weight gain may affect the body composition of neonates. In the clinical and life cycle, early detection, early detection and early intervention of these risk factors are needed, and the body composition of neonates And the risk of metabolic diseases associated with adulthood.