超前镇痛是指在伤害性刺激诱发神经传导或神经重塑的改变发生前，预先采取镇痛干预措施阻止外周损伤冲动向中枢的传递及传导，减少外周敏化或中枢敏化以控制疼痛，从而限制疼痛的级联反应，最小化或预防术后疼痛的发生。本文主要阐述了超前镇痛的机制、方式及其在口腔诊疗中的研究与应用进展。随着对舒适化诊疗要求的提高以及多模式镇痛在口腔手术疼痛管理中的普及，超前镇痛在口腔诊疗中将得到更加广泛的研究和应用。“,”Preemptive analgesia refers to the use of analgesics or regional nerve block in advance of nerve conduction changing or nerve remodeling caused by traumatic stimulation, so as to achieve better postoperative pain relief and to prevent postoperative pain hypersensitivity. Preemptive analgesia minimizes or prevents postoperative pain by reducing peripheral and central sensitization, which thereby limit the pain cascade. This paper briefly introduces the mechanism and methods of preemptive analgesia, as well as its application and research progress in the field of oral treatment. With the increased requirements for comfortable medical treatments and popularization of multimodal analgesia in pain management of oral surgery, preemptive analgesia will be more widely studied and applied in oral diagnosis and treatment.