2005年2月25日．国务院发布“非公36条”，这是新中国成立以来首部以促进非公有制经济发展为主题的中央政府文件。自称“在市场夹缝中生存”的个体私营企业，属于中国经济中的弱势群体，贷款难、受刁难多、承担风险能力弱，并一直被排斥在诸多行业之外。在此生存环境下，非公经济仍作出重大贡献：占GDP比重从1979年的不足1％提高到目前的三分之一左右；上世纪90年代中期以来，城镇新增就业岗位的七成以上由其提供，从农村转移出劳动力的七成以上也在非公经济就业。“非公36条”的出台，意味着电力、电信、铁路、民航、石油、公用事业、基础设施等被国有经济所垄断的行业，正式向个体私营企业敞开 February 25, 2005. The State Council issued “Non-public 36 Articles”, the first central government document to promote the development of the non-public sector of the economy since the founding of People’s Republic of China. The self-proclaimed “private-owned enterprises that survive in the market” belong to the underprivileged groups in the Chinese economy. They are difficult to make loans, suffer more difficulties and bear less risk, and have always been excluded from many industries. In this living environment, the non-public economy still makes a significant contribution: the share of GDP has risen from less than 1% in 1979 to about one-third now; since the mid-1990s, more than 70% of new jobs in cities and towns More than 70% of the labor force displaced from rural areas is also employed in the non-public economy. The introduction of the “non-public 36” means that industries that are monopolized by the state-owned economy such as electricity, telecommunications, railways, civil aviation, oil, public utilities and infrastructure are officially open to individual and private enterprises