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通过对两个村落社会的民族志研究,阐释20世纪发生在乡村社会的“耕读分家”与乡村儒学、士绅阶层,以及宗族制度变革的历史逻辑。基于村落民族志的历史叙事,从思想基础、社会结构和阶层分化三个层面,展示作为儒家传统文化的“耕读传家”是如何走上“耕读分家”的社会历史过程。认为发生在20世纪的“耕读分家”经历了“传家”机制的断裂,和“耕”与“读”的分割两个阶段。当前发生在乡村社会中旨在重构“耕读文化”的乡村重建实验和乡村旅游,只是一种“舞台化”的文化表演形式,既不可能演变成为村民日常生活的具体实践,也不可能达到重建乡土社会的目标。
Through the study of the ethnography of the two village societies, the historical logic of “farming division” and rural Confucianism, the gentry class, and the transformation of the clan system in the 20th century is expounded. Based on the historical narratives of the village ethnography, from the three aspects of ideological foundation, social structure and class differentiation, this paper shows the social and historical process of how “farming heirloom ” embarked on “farming division ” as the traditional Confucian culture. It is considered that the “division of farming division” which took place in the twentieth century has undergone the breakup of the “heir” mechanism and the division of “farming” and “reading”. The reconstruction of rural areas and rural tourism that are currently taking place in the rural community to reconstruct the “culture of farming” are just cultural forms of “stage culture” that can neither evolve into concrete practices of villagers’ daily life, It is impossible to rebuild the goal of native society.