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大麻Cannabis sativa为桑科Moraceae植物,原产于印度,现也产于中国东北、华北、华东、中南等地区,长白山区各县也有栽培和半野生。大麻具有悠久的用药历史,常以种子入药,具有润燥、滑肠、通淋、活血之功效,主治肠燥便秘、热淋、消渴、月经不调。通过查阅国内外相关文献及专利,对大麻的化学成分、药理作用及开发利用进行总结,并分类归纳。大麻的叶、花、茎中有62个化合物,大麻中还有黄酮及其苷类化合物、生物碱类化合物、香豆素类化合物、萜类及甾醇类化合物、脂肪酸类化合物、菲类化合物及其他化合物。大麻及其有效成分具有镇痛、降眼压、抗肿瘤、抗呕吐、削弱恐惧性记忆、抗血压、抗血栓、抗菌、抗炎及其他药理作用。此外,大麻作为民间药材,多以复方药治疗疾病,并申报了多项专利,在保健品、饲料方面也申报了专利。根据国内外对大麻的研究,本文从化学成分、药理作用及开发利用方面对大麻的研究现状进行总结,希望能为进一步深入研究和合理利用大麻的药用资源提供参考依据。
Cannabis sativa is a Moraceae plant of Sankoh originating in India. It is also produced in northeastern China, northern China, eastern China, central and southern regions of China, and cultivated and semi-wild in counties of Changbai Mountain. Marijuana has a long history of medication, often with seeds into the medicine, with moistening, smooth intestine, Tonglin, the effect of promoting blood circulation, attending dry constipation, hot shower, diabetes, irregular menstruation. By referring to relevant literature and patents at home and abroad, the chemical composition, pharmacology, development and utilization of cannabis are summarized and classified. There are 62 compounds in leaves, flowers and stems of marijuana. Flaxen and its glycosides, alkaloids, coumarins, terpenoids and sterols, fatty acids, phenanthrenes, Other compounds. Cannabis and its active ingredients have analgesic, intraocular pressure reducing, anti-tumor, anti-vomiting, weakening fear memory, anti-blood pressure, anti-thrombosis, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other pharmacological effects. In addition, as a folk medicine, cannabis is mostly used for the treatment of diseases by compound prescriptions, and several patents have been declared. Patents have also been applied in the fields of health products and feed. According to the research on marijuana both at home and abroad, this article summarizes the research status of cannabis from the aspect of chemical composition, pharmacology and development and utilization, and hopes to provide a reference for further research and rational utilization of cannabis medicinal resources.