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针对我国灌排面积不断增加、水资源利用效率不高、化肥流失严重等问题,结合田间对比试验,考虑节水灌溉与控制排水的协同效应,通过控制变量法研究灌排因素对农田排水量和作物产量的影响以及不同模式下土壤水中氮磷的迁移转化规律,发现控制排水-浅灌深蓄(G_1L_1)灌排组合下的排水量分别比控制排水-浅勤灌溉(G_1L_2)、自然排水-浅灌深蓄(G_2L_1)、自然排水-浅勤灌溉(G_2L_2)灌排组合下的排水量减少5.76%、2.80%、12.70%,G_1L_1的灌排组合更有利于控制田间排水量;G_1L_1模式下的作物产量分别比G_1L_2、G_2L_1、G_2L_2模式下的产量高7.59%、44.2%、48.91%,G_1L_1的调控模式更有利于提高作物产量.由此可知,G_1L_1的灌排调控模式为优选模式,其合理地调控了土壤水分,高效地利用了水分和养分,促使了水稻植株合理生长,实现了节水高产.
In view of the problem of increasing irrigation and drainage area, inefficient utilization of water resources and serious loss of chemical fertilizers in China, the synergistic effect between water saving irrigation and control drainage was considered in field experiments. The effects of irrigation and drainage on farmland discharge and crop Yield and the transport and conversion of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil water under different modes were studied. It was found that the displacement under G_1L_1 irrigation and drainage system was higher than that of control drainage - shallow irrigation (G_1L_2), natural drainage - shallow irrigation (G_2L_1), drainage under natural drainage - irrigation (G_2L_2) decreased 5.76%, 2.80% and 12.70%, respectively. The combination of irrigation and drainage of G_1L_1 was more conducive to control of field discharge. The yield of crops under G_1L_1 was Compared with G_1L_2, G_2L_1 and G_2L_2, the yield of G_1L_2 was increased by 7.59%, 44.2% and 48.91%, respectively, and G_1L_1 was more favorable to increase crop yield. Soil moisture, efficient use of water and nutrients, prompting a reasonable growth of rice plants, to achieve high water-saving.