论文部分内容阅读
许苏民同志发表了题为《论社会心理是社会存在与社会意识形态之间的中介》一文(以下简称《中介》,见《中国社会科学》一九八三年第六期)。他主要是引述普列汉诺夫这样一个提法:“一切思想体系都有一个共同的根源,即某一时代的心理”(《普列汉诺夫哲学著作选集》第三卷第一九六页)。以此作为立论的根据,认为社会意识形态是直接来源于社会心理。这种看法是值得商榷的。 现在,我们仅就以下几点进行分析: 一、什么是社会心理,什么是社会意识形态? 《中介》一文开头就说:“普列汉诺夫明确地把社会意识区分为社会心理与社会意识形态两种基本形式”。在这里,作者不单将“社会心理”与“社会意识形态”相划分,而且还把“社会意识”和“社会意识形态”当作两个不同的概念。我们翻开普列汉诺夫的著作,他是这样说的:“一部分由经济直接所决定的,一部分由生长在经济上的全部社会政治制度所决定的社会中的人的心理”,以及“反映这种心理特性的各种思想体系”。(同上书,一九五页)他在书中所说的“社会中的人的心理”和“各种思想体系”,实际都是指社会意识形态,其中的“各种思想体系”是讲理论的东西。只不过普列汉诺夫没有用“社会意识形态”这个词和概念,但他的意思是与此相通的。
Comrade Xu Sumin published a paper entitled “On Social Psychology as an Intermediary between Social Existence and Social Ideology” (hereinafter referred to as “intermediary”, see “Social Science in China”, Issue 6, 1983). He quoted mainly Plekhanov as saying: “All ideological systems have a common root cause, namely psychology of a certain era.” (Selected Works of Plekhanov Philosophical Works, vol. III, No. 196 page). Taking this as the basis for the argument, the social ideology is directly derived from the social psychology. This view is questionable. Now, we only analyze the following points: First, what is social psychology and what is social ideology? At the beginning of the article, “Intermediary” said: “Plekhanov explicitly differentiates social awareness into social psychology and social awareness Morphology of the two basic forms. ” Here, the author not only divides “social psychology” and “social ideology”, but also treats “social consciousness” and “social ideology” as two different concepts. We turn over Plekhanov’s writings by saying: “The psychology of a part of society determined directly by the economy and partly determined by the economic system of society as a whole,” and “ Reflect this psychological characteristics of the various ideological system. ” (Ibid., P. 195) What he says in his book, “the psychology of people in society,” and “various systems of thought,” actually refer to social ideology. The “various ideological systems” Theory of things. But Plekhanov did not use the word “social ideology” and its concepts, but he meant the same thing.