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目的了解2015年广东省5岁以下儿童意外死亡的三间分布及意外致死原因分布情况。方法以广东省2015年死亡的5岁以下儿童为研究对象,以ICD10中S00-T98和V01-Y98系列疾病的分类标准筛选出属其中意外原因导致死亡的个案,描述性分析该样本意外死亡原因分类及三间分布。结果 2015年广东省活产儿数为1 810 037人,5岁以下儿童死亡5 813例,其中符合外因致死者819例,意外致死率为14.09%,意外导致儿童死亡率为0.45‰,男女性别比为1.69,其中0~4岁各组性别比依次为:1.78,1.82,1.65,1.76,1.27,各年龄组间性别分布差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.45,P=0.654)。前五位意外死因依次是溺亡273人(33.33%)、交通事故170人(20.76%)、呼吸道异物致窒息122人(14.90%)、跌落97人(11.84%)、床上意外窒息77人(9.40%),各意外死因中性别分布差异无统计学意义(χ2=7.97,P=0.537),均为男童高于女童。各意外死因中年龄组分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=447.8,P<0.001),死因谱随年龄变化而变化。不同经济水平地区间5岁以下儿童死亡原因构成不同(χ2=45.16,P<0.01).结论意外死亡是5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因,针对不同年龄组,加强男童照看,重点预防儿童溺水、呼吸道异物,交通事故,床上意外窒息与跌落是减少5岁以下儿童死亡的关键。
Objective To understand the distribution of three unintentional deaths in children under 5 in Guangdong Province in 2015 and the causes of accidental death. Methods A case-control study was conducted among children under 5 years of age who died in Guangdong Province in 2015. According to the classification criteria of S00-T98 and V01-Y98 series of diseases in ICD10, cases of death caused by unforeseen causes were selected and the cause of death was analyzed descriptively Category and three distribution. Results In 2015, the number of live births in Guangdong Province was 1 810 037 and the number of children under 5 years old was 5 813. Among them, 819 were caused by external causes, the accidental death rate was 14.09% and the accidental death rate was 0.45 ‰. The sex ratio Which was 1.69. The sex ratio of each age group from 0 to 4 was 1.78, 1.82, 1.65, 1.76 and 1.27 respectively. There was no significant difference in gender distribution between the two age groups (χ2 = 2.45, P = 0.654). The top five causes of accidents were as follows: drowning 273 (33.33%), traffic accidents 170 (20.76%), respiratory asphyxiation 122 (14.90%), dropping 97 (11.84%) and bed accidental suffocation 77 9.40%). There was no significant difference in the distribution of sex among the unplanned causes of death (χ2 = 7.97, P = 0.537), which were all higher for boys than for girls. There were significant differences in the distribution of age groups among all the accidental death causes (χ2 = 447.8, P <0.001). The cause of death spectrum varied with age. There were differences in the causes of death among children under 5 years old in different economic levels (χ2 = 45.16, P0.01) .Conclusion Unexpected death is the main cause of death in children under 5 years of age. , Foreign body traffic, traffic accidents, accidental suffocation and falls in bed are the key to reducing the deaths of children under 5 years of age.