胸膜腔积液(简称胸液)是一常见病症,病因复杂,任何疾病如使胸膜腔的液体动力状态失衡,胸膜腔液体的形成速度超过清除速度,便可招致胸膜腔积液。例如胸膜的毛细血管通透性增加、血浆胶体渗透压下降、肺毛细血管的静脉压或肺淋巴压上升等因素都可引起胸液。其病因大致可以归纳为:①感染(包括结核);③恶性肿瘤;③结缔组织疾病;④充血性 Pleural effusion (pleural effusion) is a common disease, the cause is complex, any disease such as the dynamic state of the pleural fluid imbalance, pleural fluid formation rate exceeds the removal rate, can lead to pleural effusion. For example, increased pleural capillary permeability, decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure, pulmonary capillary pressure or increased pulmonary lymphatic pressure and other factors can cause pleural effusion. The causes can be summarized as follows: ① infection (including tuberculosis); ③ malignant tumors; ③ connective tissue disease; ④ congestive