一、前言在七十年代,世界对金属与矿产品的需要有急剧增加的趋势。表1、列举世界各国几种主要金属与矿产品的年产量表明,远不满足要求。如1972年铜的消耗量已达到852.3万吨,1970年铜的总产量仅为685万吨,即使1972年铜产量的估计达760万吨,亦不能满足要求。这就使采矿工业面临不少新的问题,如开采深 I. Introduction In the seventies, the world’s demand for metal and mineral products had a sharp increase. Table 1 shows that the annual production of several major metals and minerals in various countries of the world shows that far from meeting the requirements. In 1972, for example, the consumption of copper reached 8.523 million tons. In 1970, the total output of copper was only 6.85 million tons. Even if the copper output in 1972 was estimated at 7.6 million tons, the demand could not be met. This has left the mining industry with many new problems, such as deep mining