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甲状腺癌的无创影像学诊断方法主要有 :超声成像 ,放射性核素显像 ,计算机体层扫描成像 ,磁共振成像。超声成像 :甲状腺癌表现为形态不规则 ,边界不清的低回声结节 ,无声晕 ,内部可见微钙化 ,浸润周围组织 ,可伴有淋巴结转移。彩色多普勒血流显示内部粗大纡曲的血流信号。放射性核素显像 :常用的药物为99Tcm和13 1I。静态成像恶性病变多为“冷结节” ,动态成像时 ,病灶于 14～ 18s显影 ,16s时为高峰。计算机体层扫描显像 :起作用主要是确定肿瘤的范围以及对周围组织的侵犯和淋巴结转移的情况。甲状腺癌表现为不规则的密度灶 ,边界不清 ,中心可出现坏死 ,5 0 %～ 75 %合并颈部淋巴结转移。磁共振成像 :在T1加权像上恶性病变与正常组织信号相似 ,T2加权像为高信号。传统成像方法不能很好的区分良恶性病变 ,应用67Ga增强后可改善这一不足。
Noninvasive imaging of thyroid cancer diagnostic methods are: ultrasound imaging, radionuclide imaging, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging. Ultrasound imaging: thyroid cancer showed irregularly shaped, unclear hypoechoic nodules, silent halo, internal visible microcalcifications, infiltration of surrounding tissue, may be associated with lymph node metastasis. Color Doppler blood flow shows the internal coarse song of the blood flow signal. Radionuclide imaging: The commonly used drugs are 99Tcm and 131I. Most of the malignant lesions of static imaging were “cold nodules”. During dynamic imaging, the lesion developed at 14 ~ 18s and peaked at 16s. Computer tomography: the main role is to determine the scope of the tumor and the surrounding tissue invasion and lymph node metastasis. Thyroid cancer showed irregular density lesions, the border is unclear, the center may be necrosis, 50% to 75% of cervical lymph node metastasis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Malignant lesions on the T1 weighted image are similar to normal tissue signals, and T2 weighted images are hyperintense. The traditional imaging method can not distinguish between benign and malignant lesions, and the application of 67Ga enhancement can improve this problem.