目的研究淡色库蚊抗药性与性别之间的关系。方法建立淡色库蚊溴氰菊酯敏感、抗性两品系的杂交系,对所得子二代抗性分离群体以抗性程度区分为四组不同的表型。转录组测序后对雌雄蚊之间的抗性差异进行生物信息学分析,并采用实时荧光定量PCR进行表达量的验证。结果子7代三组60min击倒率分别为雌蚊:13.6%、36.4%、34.0%,雄蚊:51.1%、51.1%、82.9%;子8代两组60min击倒率分别为雌蚊:13.0%、19.6%,雄蚊:26.4%、51.9%;子9代五组60min击倒率分别为:雌蚊47.2%、66.7%、14.8%、38.5%、32.9%,雄蚊:68.7%、70.0%、54.8%、41.7%、58.3%,抗性击倒试验显示,杂交蚊雄蚊抗性水平低于雌蚊;定量PCR显示抗性相关基因乙酰葡萄糖胺水解酶蛋白(protein O-GlcNAcase)基因和溶血磷脂酶(lysophospholipase)基因在敏感雄蚊中高表达,而在抗性雌蚊中低表达。结论淡色库蚊溴氰菊酯抗性与性别相关,提示淡色库蚊雌雄蚊间可能存在不同的抗性机制。 Objective To study the relationship between drug resistance and sex in Culex pipiens pallens. Methods The cross between two sensitive and resistant strains of deltamethrin of Culex pipiens pallens was established. Four resistant groups were divided into four groups with different phenotypes. After transcriptome sequencing, the difference of resistance between male and female mosquitoes was analyzed by bioinformatics, and the expression quantity was verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that the knockdown rates of 60 generations in 7 generations of three generations were female mosquitoes: 13.6%, 36.4%, 34.0%, male mosquitoes: 51.1%, 51.1%, 82.9% 13.0%, 19.6%, and male mosquitoes: 26.4% and 51.9%, respectively. The 60-minute knock-down rates of the fifth generation on behalf of the five generations were: 47.2%, 66.7%, 14.8%, 38.5%, 32.9% 70.0%, 54.8%, 41.7% and 58.3% respectively. The resistance knockdown test showed that the resistance level of mosquitoes to mosquitoes was lower than that of female mosquitoes. Quantitative PCR showed that the resistance related genes such as protein O-GlcNAcase The gene and the lysophospholipase gene are highly expressed in the sensitive male mosquitoes and low in the resistant female mosquitoes. Conclusion The resistance of Culex pipiens pallens to deltamethrin is related to gender, suggesting that there may exist different resistance mechanisms between Culex pipiens pallens.