论文部分内容阅读
长时期以来,植物保护工作者就曾试图寻找一种单一的防治手段,来达到控制或消灭害虫的目的。特别是第二次世界大战前后,出现了滴滴涕、六六六等有机氯杀虫剂。由于这些农药具有砷酸铅等前所未有的杀虫效力,不仅成为杀灭蚊蝇、予防某些传染病的一个重要武器,而且由于杀灭农林害虫,也成了增加生产的一个武器。固然,多年来施用有机氯农药,在生产上起了巨大的作用,但害虫防治问题并没有得到解决,反而由于大量和连续地施用有机氯农药,促使害虫产生了抗药性,造成某些害虫的发生更加猖獗,同时也污染了环境。再如利用天敌等单独一项技术措施防治害虫,也证明不能完全令人满意。所以,通过多年的不断实践,才使植物保护工作者总结了正反两方面的经验,深刻地认识到单一措施防治害虫的局限性,终于改变了害虫防治的基本概念,便出现了综合防治(Integrated control)的设想。而且愈来愈受到世界各国的普遍重视。目前日本、美国、苏联、西德、墨西哥、荷兰、加拿大、法国、英国等等许多国家都在研究综合防治。
For a long time, plant protection workers have tried to find a single means of control to achieve the goal of controlling or eliminating pests. Especially before and after the Second World War, there appeared DDT, BHC and other organochlorine pesticides. Since these pesticides have unprecedented insecticidal efficacy, such as lead arsenate, they have not only become an important weapon against mosquitoes and flies and against certain infectious diseases, but have also become a weapon for increased production by killing agroforestry and pests. Although organochlorine pesticides have been used for many years, they have played a huge role in the production. However, pest control problems have not been solved. Instead, due to the large amount of continuous and continuous application of organochlorine pesticides, pests have become resistant to certain pests More rampant, but also pollute the environment. Another example is the use of natural enemies and other single technical measures to control pests, also proved not entirely satisfactory. Therefore, after many years of continuous practice, plant protection workers have summed up both positive and negative experiences, profoundly aware of the limitations of a single measure to control pests, and finally changed the basic concepts of pest control. Therefore, comprehensive prevention and control Integrated control. And more and more by the universal attention of all countries in the world. At present, Japan, the United States, the Soviet Union, West Germany, Mexico, the Netherlands, Canada, France, the United Kingdom and many other countries are studying comprehensive prevention and control.