目的探讨原发性纵隔肿瘤的外科诊治的临床疗效。方法对我院进行手术治疗,并经病理证实为原发性纵隔肿瘤的患者45例的临床资料进行分析。结果所有患者均手术成功,其中外侧开胸切口,胸骨正中切口和前外侧切口为最常用手术方式。32例患者进行肿瘤全切除治疗,13例患者进行肿瘤姑息性切除治疗。术后随访,良性肿瘤患者的近期和远期疗效均很好,恶性肿瘤患者2例术后发生转移。3例患者死于肿瘤复发。结论原发性纵隔肿瘤一量确诊后,需要尽早给予手术治疗,并且术后给予患者综合性治疗,可以有效的改善患者的预后,值得临床推广。 Objective To investigate the clinical effect of surgical diagnosis and treatment of primary mediastinal tumors. Methods The clinical data of 45 patients who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital and confirmed by pathology as primary mediastinal tumors were analyzed. Results All the patients were operated successfully, of which the lateral thoracotomy, midsternal sternotomy and anterolateral incision were the most common surgical methods. Tumor resection was performed in 32 patients and palliative resection in 13 patients. Postoperative follow-up, benign tumor patients have good long-term and long-term efficacy, 2 patients with malignant tumor metastasis occurred after surgery. Three patients died of tumor recurrence. Conclusion After diagnosis of primary mediastinal tumor, it is necessary to give surgical treatment as soon as possible, and postoperative comprehensive treatment for patients can effectively improve the prognosis of patients, worthy of clinical promotion.