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考古遗址中人(动物)骨胶原的H、O稳定同位素分析,是近些年来国际古食谱分析涌现的新研究方向,但我国在此方面尚无任何报道。本文对河南偃师二里头遗址出土动物骨骼胶原蛋白中的δD和δ~(18)O值进行测试分析,以期深入了解动物的饲养方式以及可能的迁徙活动。作为杂食类动物的猪,较食草类动物(鹿、黄牛和绵羊)具有稍高的δD值,这主要缘于δD沿营养级上升时产生的富集作用。在所有动物中,猪的分δ(18)O值标准偏差(0.3‰)最小,可能与先民对猪繁殖时间和宰杀年龄的严格控制密切相关。在食草类动物中,与野生动物鹿(δ(18)O平均值为9.1±0.7‰,n=5)相比,家养的黄牛(δ~(18)O平均值为10.4±0.4‰,n=5)和绵羊(δ~(18)O平均值为11.1±0.6‰,n=5)具有较高的δ~(18)O值,表明它们栖息于更为开阔的环境且食用了较多的C_4类植物(粟类农作物的副产品)和植物纤维素。相对而言,绵羊较黄牛摄取了更多富含~(18)O的植物茎叶,从而使其δ~(18)O值高于黄牛。因新陈代谢方式及饮用水来源的差异,反刍动物(鹿、黄牛和绵羊)的δ~(18)O值普遍高于非反刍动物(猪,δ~(18)O平均值为7.3±0.3‰,n=11)。此外,4种动物均出现了具有迥异δD和δ~(18)O值的个体,表明他们很可能来源于外地,出于进贡或交流的目的出现于二里头遗址。
H, O stable isotope analysis of human (animal) collagen in archeological sites is a new research direction emerging from the analysis of international ancient recipes in recent years. However, there is no report about this in our country. In this paper, the δD and δ ~ (18) O values in the collagen of the skeleton of the animals unearthed at the Erlintou site in Yanshi, Henan Province were measured and analyzed in order to gain a better understanding of the breeding methods and possible migratory activities of the animals. Pigs as omnivores have a slightly higher δD value than herbivores (deer, cattle and sheep), mainly due to the enrichment of δD along the trophic level. Pigs had the smallest δ (18) O standard deviation (0.3 ‰) in all animals, which may be closely related to the strict control of pig reproduction time and slaughtering age. In herbivores, the average value of domestic cattle (δ 18 O) was 10.4 ± 0.4 ‰ compared with that of wild animals (δ (18) O was 9.1 ± 0.7 ‰, n = 5) n = 5) and sheep (δ ~ (18) O averaged 11.1 ± 0.6 ‰, n = 5) had higher δ ~ (18) O values, indicating that they inhabit the more open environment and eat more Many C_4 plants (by-products of millet crops) and plant cellulose. In contrast, sheep consumed more (18) O-rich plant stems and leaves than oxen, resulting in higher δ 18 O values than cattle. The δ 18 O value of ruminants (deer, cattle and sheep) was generally higher than that of non-ruminant animals (pigs, δ 18 O) was 7.3 ± 0.3 ‰ due to differences in metabolism and drinking water sources, n = 11). In addition, all four animals showed individuals with very different δD and δ ~ (18) O values, indicating that they probably originated in the field and appeared at Erlitou site for tribute or exchange.