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从1300年(镰仓时代末期)开始到1850年左右(江户时代末期)的550年间是太阳活动比较弱的时期,因此称作小冰河时期。这期间世界上的谷物收成很差,饥馑频繁发生。由于日照不足和营养不良使人类健康恶化,鼠疫等传染疾病开始蔓延。在日本,由于鄂霍次克海高气压带来寒冷的东北风,造成东北地区频繁发生冻害。其中比较严重的灾害是1695年(元绿8年)、1755年(宝历5年)、1783年(天明3年)、1838年(天保9年)的四次大天灾引起的大饥荒。
The 550-year period from 1300 (from the end of the Kamakura period) to around 1850 (late Edo period) was a period of weaker solar activity and was therefore called the Little Ice Age. During this period the world’s cereal harvest is poor and starvation is frequent. As a result of inadequate sunshine and malnutrition, human health has deteriorated, and contagious diseases such as the plague began to spread. In Japan, frequent cold damage occurred in the northeast region due to the cold northeasterly wind brought by the sea pressure of the Okhotsk Sea. Among the more serious disasters were the famine caused by four major natural disasters in 1695 (Yuan-Yuan 8 years), 1755 (Baoli 5-years), 1783 (Tian-Ming 3 years) and 1838 (Tianbao 9 years).