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本文论述了从公元前第四个千禧年到第一个千禧年与古西南亚(古代近东)相关的经济问题,重点关注危机和灭亡问题。历史记录所呈现的大都是一个王国或帝国之崛起和灭亡的故事,把中间时期描述为“混乱”。然而,我们需要提出这个问题:从谁的角度来说是危机和灭亡?对于小的统治阶级而言,这确实是危机,因为他们的权力和财富已经走到尽头;但是,对于宫廷庄园的农民和劳动者而言,这并非危机,相反,却可以让他们从剥削中得到解脱,并提供相对的稳定。旨在发展这一论点,文章提出了由乡村农民和统治阶级庄园所采纳的不同的经济方法一管理方式,即生存一存活模式和宫廷庄园模式。
This article discusses the economic issues associated with ancient Southwest Asia (ancient Near East) from the fourth millennium BC to the first millennium, with a focus on crisis and demise. Historical records show mostly the story of the rise and destruction of a kingdom or empire, and the intermediate period is described as “chaos.” However, we need to ask the question: From what point of view is the crisis and the demise? For the small ruling class, this is indeed a crisis, because their power and wealth have come to an end; however, for the court estate farmers And workers, this is not a crisis; on the contrary, it allows them to be freed from exploitation and provide them with relative stability. With the aim of developing this argument, the article proposes different ways of management of the economy adopted by the rural peasants and the ruling class manors, namely the Survival-Survival-Survival-Law and the Courthouse Manor.