郭昭昭在《南京大屠杀期间的难民医疗救助》一文中指出:南京沦陷后,日军制造了南京大屠杀,南京的医疗救助任务空前繁重。虽然绝大多数医生在沦陷前离开了南京,但是留在南京的西方人士、慈善机构、隐匿身份生活在难民收容所内的军医以及参差不齐的民间医生出于人道主义立场,以各自的方式投入南京的医疗救助。南京内外信息交流初步 Guo Zhaozhao pointed out in his article “Medical Relief for Refugees During the Nanjing Massacre”: After the fall of Nanjing, the Japanese army created the Nanjing Massacre and the medical aid task of Nanjing was an unprecedented task. Although the vast majority of doctors left Nanjing before the fall, Western personnel and charities left in Nanjing, medics concealed in refugee camps, and irregular civil doctors put their own ways on a humanitarian basis Nanjing medical aid. Nanjing internal and external information exchange preliminary