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现今人们所了解的人工智能,究其源可追溯到1956年的Dartmouth研讨会。那次研讨会上人才云集,如今这些人的名字还能依稀可记:John McCarthy、Marvin Minsky、Allen Newell、Arthur Samuel,ClaudeShannor和Herbert Simon。有耕耘就有收获,与会者在思想上达成共识,开始萌生新的思路——瞄准两个研究方向;给人工智能本身下定义,从计算机科学当时产生的领域中识别人工智能。由于这些参与者中每个人都对这个领域(别人也涉足过这个领域)做过有贡献的工作,于是形成了当时思潮的主流:人工智能业已问世。图灵的早期工作在前不久似乎还看不出什么影响。经过多年发展的人工智能看来面临两个主要问题:第一个问题
The artificial intelligence that people are learning today can be traced back to the 1956 Dartmouth Symposium. The brainstorming people at the seminar are nowadays names like John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell, Arthur Samuel, Claude Shannor and Herbert Simon. There’s work harvested. The participants reached a consensus in their thinking and started to devise new ideas - targeting two research directions; defining artificial intelligence itself and identifying artificial intelligence in the field that was then created by computer science. As each of these participants contributed to this area (others involved in this area too), the prevailing trend of thought prevailed: Artificial Intelligence had come out. Turing early work seems to have not seen any effect in the near future. After years of development, artificial intelligence appears to face two major problems: the first one