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世界各国的教育立法,根据其订立机构的不同,可以分为国家教育立法和地方教育立法两大层次。其中,在以集权教育管理体制为主的国家里,国家层次的教育立法占据着明显重要的位置,而在以分权教育管理体制为主的国家里,地方层次的教育立法又有着明显的优势。二战以来,为了更好地适应教育发展的需要,世界各国通过国家与地方教育立法关系的调整,使集权制与分权制教育管理体制出现了相互融合的趋势。开展国家与地方教育立法关系的研究,不仅能够使我们清晰地认识两大层次的教育立法机构不同立法地位形成与变迁的过程,同时,通过对一些深层次问题的挖掘,也可以使我们准确地把握世界各国教育管理体制中集权制与分权制相互融合的一些内在趋势。本次笔谈选取了五个国家作为研究的样本,其中,中国、法国、日本作为集权制教育管理体制的代表,美国和澳大利亚作为教育分权制国家的代表;同时为了更加清晰地说明问题,5篇文章有的是从宏观上对立法关系进行概括,还有的是从微观层面结合具体立法探讨此种关系。当然,从所选择样本的广度和对问题研究的深度来说,本次笔谈还有许多可以商榷的地方,但瑕不掩瑜。愿本次笔谈能够为包括中国教育立法体制在内的全方位教育管理体制的改革提供有益的借鉴和启迪。
Education legislation in various countries of the world can be divided into two major levels: the national education legislation and the local education legislation according to the differences of the agencies they establish. Among them, education legislation at the state level occupies a significant position in countries dominated by centralized education management systems. However, in countries with a decentralized education management system, education legislation at the local level has obvious advantages . Since World War II, in order to better meet the needs of educational development, all countries in the world have seen the convergence of centralized education and decentralized education management through the adjustment of the relationship between state and local education and legislation. Carrying out the research on the relationship between state and local education and legislation not only enables us to clearly understand the process of the formation and change of different legislative positions of the two levels of educational legislature. At the same time, through the excavation of some deep-seated problems, we can also make us accurately Grasp Some Inherent Trends of Centralized System of Power and Decentralization in Education Management System of All Countries in the World. In this interview, five countries were selected as the sample of the study. Among them, China, France and Japan were represented by the centralized educational management system and the United States and Australia were representatives of decentralized education. At the same time, in order to clarify the issue more clearly, Some articles from the macro-level to generalize the relationship between the legislature, there is from the micro level with specific legislation to explore such relations. Of course, from the breadth of the selected sample and the depth of the research on the issue, there are many open questions for this written discussion, but it is not flawed. I hope this writing can provide useful reference and enlightenment for the reform of the all-around education management system including the Chinese education legislation system.