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为解决城市用地紧张的矛盾,现代建筑除向高空发展外,还开发利用地下空间以满足生产和生活日益增长的需要。地下建筑少占土地,并对暴风、寒流、空袭、多种污染等有良好的防护能力,同时其自然低温对备种物品的贮存也十分有利,因而具有广阔的前景。但是,因其外部被岩石、土壤所覆盖,绝大多数无窗户与大气相通,出入口较少,一旦发生火灾大量烟热不易排除。加之浓烟使能见度急剧下降,将造成严重缺氧,所以不但疏散困难,消防队也雄以进入烟火弥漫的地下空间进行扑救,其后果常十分严重。故地下建筑在火灾时必须立足于自救,即依靠本身所采取的各种紧急措施来保证安全,为此应充分考虑各项防火的要求而进行设计。
In order to solve the tension contradiction of urban land, in addition to modern high-altitude development of modern architecture, but also the development and utilization of underground space to meet the growing production and living needs. The underground buildings occupy less land and have good protection against storms, cold currents, air strikes and various kinds of pollution. At the same time, their natural low temperature is also very beneficial for the storage of prepared goods, and thus has broad prospects. However, because of its external coverage by rocks and soils, the vast majority of no windows communicate with the atmosphere and have fewer entrances and exits. In the event of a fire, a large amount of heat is not easily removed. Coupled with the sharp drop in the visibility of smoke, will cause serious hypoxia, so not only evacuation difficulties, the fire brigade also male to enter the fireworks filled underground space for fighting, the consequences are often very serious. Therefore, underground structures must be based on self-help in the event of a fire, that is, to rely on their own emergency measures taken to ensure safety, this should give full consideration to the requirements of fire prevention and design.