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位于上颈椎管内的脊髓是中枢神经系统中重要及脆弱的部分。由于其包含神经、血管结构，上颈椎骨性结构的完整性对生存和功能至关重要。由于上颈椎特殊的解剖位置及较大的活动范围，其易遭受不同方向的暴力。上颈椎损伤主要是指寰枢椎及其附属结构由于受到暴力导致骨折、韧带撕裂、脱位等。该文将介绍上颈椎各种常见的损伤类型、治疗原则、手术方式以及研究进展，为临床处理各型上颈椎损伤提供参考。“,”The spinal cord in upper cervical canal is an essential and vulnerable component of the cen-tral nervous system.The integrity of the upper cervical spine is essential for the survival and function ,because of the neurovascular structures contained in it.Due to its specific anatomical location,large range of rotation, upper cervical spine easily suffers from violence of different directions.The upper cervical spine injuries mainly refer to the fractures,torn ligaments,dislocation of atlantoaxial vertebrae and its accessory structures caused by violence.Here is to make a review of various common types of upper cervical spine injuries,as well as their treatment principles,surgical approaches and research progress,in order to provide reference for clini-cal treatment.