炎症性肠病（IBD）常与一些肠外疾病共存。一部分共存的肠外疾病与IBD相互独立，但有发病机制部分相同，这类疾病称为特殊共患病。当IBD合并特殊共患病时，会干扰IBD的诊断，增加处理难度，影响患者预后。本文从临床思维的角度，结合病例，阐述IBD合并特殊共患病的诊疗思路，期望对临床医生有所帮助。“,”Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often accompanied by extraintestinal diseases, among which a type of diseases exists independently of IBD, but they have part of the basis of concurrence. This type of diseases is called special comorbidity. IBD with special comorbidities will bring difficulties to the diagnosis and treatment of IBD, and affect the prognosis of patients. This article elaborates on the diagnosis and treatment of IBD with special comorbidities. It is hoped that it will be helpful to clinicians, and that clinicians attach importance to the role of IBD comorbidities in the diagnosis and treatment of IBD.