Computerized geological models are the basis of modem mine design, planning and production. A sound, validated geological model is essential to the success of a mining project. However, due to the complexity of geology surrounding deposits, geological models inherit uncertainty, or error. This geological uncertainty may significantly affect the risk profile of a mining project during its design and operational phases. Methodologies for quantifying geological uncertainty and risk have been developed by CRC Mining and the University of Queensland, Australia and successfully applied to case studies. This paper discussed the implications of geological uncertainty and risk to a coal mining project, and presents advances for quantifying geological/geotechnical uncertainty and risk. A case study is presented to demonstrate the application of the technology developed.