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目的为预防控制呼吸道传染病在学校及幼托机构中的爆发和流行提供科学依据。方法资料来源于《传染病信息报告管理系统》和《突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统》中的监测数据。利用定性资料的统计描述进行分析。结果 2005—2014年发病13 485例,占全市呼吸道传染病发病的15.53%,占学生及幼托儿童传染病发病的62.00%;乙类3 290例,占24.40%,丙类6 907例,占51.22%;其他传染病3 288例,占24.38%;多发病种为腮腺炎和水痘,分别占37.14%、24.38%;发病平均增长速度为13.16%。爆发疫情36起,主要有腮腺炎7起,占19.44%,水痘21起,占58.33%;冬春季多发,22起,占61.11%;多发生在小学,26起,占72.22%;累计发病人数1 035人,累计波及人数33 502人,事件多在1周内得到控制,占83.33%。结论学生及幼托儿童呼吸道传染病发病呈上升趋势,应加强防控。丙类呼吸道传染病和水痘爆发是学校突发公共卫生事件发生的主要原因,应重点预防。
Objective To provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of the outbreak and spread of respiratory diseases in schools and kindergartens. The method information is from the monitoring data in the Infectious Diseases Information Reporting Management System and the Public Health Emergency Management Information System. Use statistical description of qualitative data for analysis. Results A total of 13 485 cases were reported in 2005-2014, accounting for 15.53% of the total number of infectious diseases in the city, accounting for 62.00% of the total number of infectious diseases of students and kindergarten children; 3 290 cases of Class B, accounting for 24.40% of Class B, 6 907 cases of Class C accounting for 51.22%. Other infectious diseases were 3 288 cases, accounting for 24.38%. Mumps and chickenpox were the most common diseases, accounting for 37.14% and 24.38% respectively. The average growth rate was 13.16%. Outbreak of 36 cases, mainly mumps 7, accounting for 19.44%, 21 cases of chickenpox, accounting for 58.33%; winter and spring, 22 cases, accounting for 61.11%; occurred in primary schools, accounting for 72.22%; cumulative number of patients 1 035 people, involving a cumulative number of 33 502 people, were mostly controlled within one week, accounting for 83.33%. Conclusion The incidence of respiratory infectious diseases in students and child care children is on the rise. Prevention and control should be strengthened. Category C respiratory contagion and chickenpox outbreaks are the main causes of sudden public health emergencies in schools. Priority should be given to prevention.