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传统的合成孔径激光成像雷达外差接收天线结构,系统的视场角和有效孔径面积总是服从反相关关系,单方面提高其中一项并不能改善最终信噪比。从接收视场角、信号光可探测能力及系统的信噪比3个方面分析讨论了传统的望远镜接收、透镜接收及望远镜自差接收3种典型外差接收结构的优劣。结果表明,透镜-单探测器接收结构能增大系统的接收视场,降低发射信号功率,但无法改善最终信噪比;透镜-N阵列元的阵列探测器接收结构能保证较大接收视场和较强的探测能力,相对单探测器接收结构发射功率可降低为1/N,信噪比可提高槡N倍,比传统的望远镜及透镜接收结构有明显的视场大、口径大的探测优势。实验结果与Siegman光学外差接收天线理论吻合,研究结论也为其他光子极限外差探测系统相关参数的选定提供了参考。
Traditional synthetic aperture laser imaging radar heterodyne receiving antenna structure, the system’s field of view and the effective aperture area always obeys anti-correlation, unilaterally improve one of them does not improve the final signal-to-noise ratio. The advantages and disadvantages of three typical heterodyne receiving structures of traditional telescope receiving, lens receiving and telescope self-heterodyne reception are analyzed and discussed from the viewpoints of receiving field angle, signal light detectability and system signal-to-noise ratio. The results show that the lens-single detector receiving structure can increase the receiving field of view of the system and reduce the transmitted signal power, but can not improve the final signal-to-noise ratio. The array detector receiving structure of the lens-array element can ensure a large receiving field of view Compared with traditional telescope and lens receiving structure, the transmitting power of single receiver receiving structure can be reduced to 1 / N and signal-noise ratio can be increased by 槡 N times Advantage. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theory of Siegman optical heterodyne receiving antenna. The conclusion of the study also provides a reference for the selection of relevant parameters of other photon limit heterodyne detection system.