缓冲溶液广泛运用于分析化学和其它化学学科中。它有两种功能,其一作为标准pH的参比溶液,常用作对玻璃电极的校准,其二作为分析化学反应进行的介质条件。缓冲溶液的pH值与溶液的氢离子活度相对应,而用浓度代替活度则误差较大。因此,对缓冲溶液的确定和配制,一般都采用实验的方法。在缓冲溶液的使用中,有两个参数值得注意,一个是缓冲溶液的pH值,另一个是缓冲溶液的离子强度。一般我们对前者考虑较多,对后者往往忽略。但是在许多分析问题中,分析结果不仅受介质pH的影响,而且也受离子强度的影响。比如在极谱分析和酸碱催化动力学分析中,两种具有同一pH值的缓冲溶液,由于离子强度 Buffer solutions are widely used in analytical chemistry and other chemical disciplines. It has two functions, one of which is used as a reference solution of standard pH and is often used as a calibration of glass electrodes and the other as a medium condition for analyzing chemical reactions. The pH value of the buffer solution corresponds to the hydrogen ion activity of the solution, while the error of the activity is replaced by the concentration. Therefore, the determination of buffer solution and preparation, are generally used in experimental methods. In the use of buffer solution, there are two parameters worth noting, one is the pH value of the buffer solution and the other is the ionic strength of the buffer solution. In general, we think more about the former and tend to ignore the latter. However, in many analytical problems, the analytical results are not only affected by the pH of the medium, but also by the ionic strength. For example, in polarographic analysis and acid-base catalytic kinetic analysis, two buffer solutions with the same pH, due to ionic strength