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英国古代法律史学家、历史法学派的主要代表人物享利、梅因（1822—1888）在其名著《古代法》一书中提出:“所有进步社会的运功,到此处为止,是一个‘从身份到契约’的运功。”这一论断描述了古成法律制度发展的轨迹,在一定程变上反映了古代法律制度发展的特点。本文拟就这一论断对法律史学发展与研究的贡献及其缺陷进行剖析,就教于方家。(一)“从身份到契约”这一论断总结了从古罗马父权制为基础的奴隶制下的亲属关系到中世纪下的农奴制封建等级制度,最后发展到资本主义完全的契约自由的社会发展规律。梅因认为,“身份”是指“人类最初是分散在完全孤立的集团中的,这种集团由于
In his famous book The Ancient Law, Maine (1822-1888), the ancient legal historian and the chief representative of the school of history law, put forward the following: “The performance of all progressive societies is, until now, a ’ From identity to contract. ”This statement describes the trajectory of the development of the ancient legal system and, to some extent, reflects the characteristics of the development of the ancient legal system. This article intends to make an analysis on the contribution and defects of this thesis to the development and research of legal historiography, and to teach it to Fang family. (1) The thesis “from identity to contract” summarizes the system of feudal hierarchies of serfdom under the patriarchal system of ancient Rome and the feudal hierarchy of serfdom under the medieval age, and finally develops into the law of social development with full contractual freedom of capitalism . Maine believes that “identity” refers to "human beings were initially dispersed in completely isolated groups, such groups