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儿童早期的视觉经历对视觉皮层神经环路和可塑性的形成及巩固起着重要作用，长期的视觉经历对皮层可塑性的影响与细胞内信号分子通路调节的基因转录有关。表观遗传调节机制，如DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰及非编码RNA的调控，参与了视皮层发育可塑性的基因表达的编排。药物增加组蛋白乙酰化可以修复成年动物视皮层的眼优势可塑性，因而提示通过表观遗传调节可成功地恢复成年期的突触可塑性、改善成年弱视的视力。“,”Sensory experience during early life drives the consolidation of synaptic circuitries in the primary vi-sual cortex. The long-term effects of visual experience are likely mediated by signaling cascades regulating experience-dependent gene transcription. Epigenetic mechanisms,including DNA methylation,histone modifications and deploy-ment of non-coding RNAs,are reported to control gene expression programs underlying plasticity in the developing visual cortex. Pharmacological increase in histone acetylation in the adult visual cortex promotes ocular dominance plasticity in the adult animals,suggest that manipulations of the epigenetic machinery can be used to promote recovery of visual acuity in adult amblyopia.