目的：探讨小儿鸡胸的手术时机及手术方法。方法：将１９８２年２月至１９９７年２月收治的１０２例鸡胸病儿按骨骼特点分为４型，并设计相应的手术方法。随访３个月至１０年，对不同类型及不同年龄鸡胸手术的预后进行分析。结果：Ｉ型（胸骨弓状前凸型）手术效果最佳，其次为Ｉ型（非对称型）和ＩＩ型（胸骨柄前凸型），ＩＶ型（胸骨抬举型）较差。应用方差分析结果显示，３～５岁组与６～１５岁组手术满意程度无明显差异，延长随访时间两组手术满意程度也未见明显差异。结论：所有先天性和后天性鸡胸，外观畸形较重，对心肺功能有影响者，３岁以后均可手术治疗，其矫形术应根据不同骨骼特点设计不同手术方案。 Objective: To investigate the operation timing and operation method of pediatric chicken breast. Methods: 102 cases of chicken breast disease from February 1982 to February 1997 were divided into 4 types according to their skeletal features, and corresponding surgical methods were designed. Followed up for 3 months to 10 years, the prognosis of chicken breast surgery of different types and ages were analyzed. Results: Type I (sternotomy) had the best surgical outcome, followed by type I (asymmetric) and type II (sternomalic protrusion), type IV (sternal elevation) less well. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference in the degree of satisfaction between 3 to 5 years old group and 6 to 15 years old group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in extending the follow-up time. CONCLUSION: All congenital and acquired chicken breasts have severe deformities and may affect cardiopulmonary function. After 3 years of age, they can be surgically treated. Orthopedic surgery should be designed according to different bone characteristics.