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目的分析北京市中小学生1985至2005年生长发育水平、体质状况和肥胖检出率的变化趋势,并分析肥胖相关慢性病的罹患现状。方法分析数据来源于2010年北京统计年鉴、1985至2005年中国学生体质与健康调研报告、北京市儿童青少年代谢综合征研究和北京学龄儿童高血压现患调查。以身高、体重和胸围反映体格生长发育水平;肺活量、50m跑用时、肺活量指数作为体质状况评价的指标。分析北京市学龄儿童1985至2005年生长发育水平、体质状况和肥胖率的变化趋势。结果①男女性体重增速远高于身高的增速,胸围增速略高于体重,BMI呈现持续增长趋势。不论男女性,身高、体重和胸围的每5年平均增速乡村均高于城区、男性高于女性,BMI增幅的城乡差别不明显。②2005至2009年人均GDP年平均增速为14.0%,1985年北京市中小学生男女性肥胖率分别为0.7%和0.6%,2010年分别为17.1%和11.9%,肥胖率年平均增速分别为13.2%和12.2%。③2005年男性在13岁前、女性在12岁前肺活量与2000年较接近,之后呈下降趋势,特别是女性12岁以后肺活量下降趋势更为明显。不论男女性,2005年肺活量指数均较2000年明显下降。1985至1995年男女性50m跑用时总体上呈缩短趋势,1995至2005年呈延长趋势。结论 1985至2005年北京市人均GDP快速增长的同时,中小学生的生长发育水平呈快速上升趋势,但体质状况呈下降趋势,肥胖及相关慢性病患病率快速增高。
Objective To analyze the trend of growth and development, constitutional status and obesity prevalence of primary and secondary school students in Beijing from 1985 to 2005, and to analyze the prevalence of obesity-related chronic diseases. Methods Data were collected from 2010 Beijing Statistical Yearbook, 1985-2005 Chinese Students Physique and Health Survey, Beijing Children and Adolescents Metabolic Syndrome Study, and Beijing High School Students Survey of Current Hypertension. Body height, weight and chest reflect body growth and development level; vital capacity, 50m running time, vital capacity index as an indicator of physical condition evaluation. The trend of growth and development, constitutional status and obesity rate of school-age children in Beijing from 1985 to 2005 was analyzed. Results ① The body weight growth rate of men and women was far higher than the growth rate of height. The growth rate of chest circumference was slightly higher than that of body weight, and the BMI showed a continuous increasing trend. The average growth rate of height, weight and chest circumference in every five years was higher in urban areas than in urban areas, and men were higher than those in women. There was no obvious difference between urban and rural areas with increasing BMI. ② From 2005 to 2009, the average annual growth rate of per capita GDP was 14.0%. In 1985, the male and female sexual obesity rates among primary and secondary school students in Beijing were 0.7% and 0.6% respectively in 2010 and 17.1% and 11.9% in 2010 respectively. The average annual growth rates of obesity rates were 13.2% and 12.2%. ③ In 2005, before the age of 13, the lung volume of women before the age of 12 was similar to that of the year 2000, and then decreased. Afterwards, the decline tendency of the vital capacity of women was more obvious after 12 years of age. Either male or female, the vital capacity index in 2005 dropped significantly from that in 2000. The overall 50m run-time of men and women between 1985 and 1995 showed a shortening trend, with an increasing trend from 1995 to 2005. Conclusions Although the per capita GDP of Beijing increased rapidly from 1985 to 2005, the growth and development of primary and middle school students showed a rapid upward trend. However, their physical conditions showed a downward trend and the prevalence of obesity and related chronic diseases increased rapidly.