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目的了解平凉市青少年近视状况及影响因素。方法采取随机整群抽样、问卷调查和视力检测相结合的方法收集资料。分别对平凉市的小学、初中、高中、大学随机抽取200名学生进行相关问卷调查,内容涉及学生视力状况、学习习惯、读写姿势、学习环境、看电视用电脑时间、眼部保健和家长对孩子的监管方面,进行统计分析。结果从小学至高中,近视患病率在逐渐增加,小学近视率26.8%,初中生增加至70.4%,高中生高达72.0%,而大专生的近视率则下降至65.0%;导致青少年近视最主要的原因是不正确的握笔姿势,其次是不良用眼习惯。结论通过纠正学生不良的握笔姿势、不好的用眼习惯,限制学生长时间近距离用眼时间,改善学校办学条件,加大爱眼护眼知识的宣传力度,青少年的近视是可以预防的。
Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of myopia in Pingliang City. Methods Random cluster sampling, questionnaire survey and visual acuity test were used to collect data. 200 students were randomly selected from primary schools, middle schools, high schools and universities in Pingliang City to conduct questionnaires about the students ’eyesight status, study habits, reading and writing positions, study environment, computer time for watching TV, eye care and parents’ Children’s supervision, statistical analysis. Results From primary school to high school, the prevalence of myopia increased gradually. The rate of myopia was 26.8% in primary school, 70.4% in junior high school, 72.0% in high school, and 65.0% in college students. The most common cause of myopia The reason is incorrect grip pen posture, followed by bad eye habits. Conclusion Adolescents with myopia can be prevented by correcting the bad grip of the students, poor habits of using eyes, limiting the students’ time spent in the eyes for a long time, improving the conditions for running schools, .