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为探讨施肥与马铃薯田土壤水分时空变化和产量的关系,采用随机区组设计,在定位施肥条件下,研究了有机肥+氮磷钾(MNPK)、有机肥(M)、氮磷钾(NPK)、氮磷(NP)、氮钾(NK)、磷钾(PK)、不施肥对照(CK)对马铃薯田土壤水分含量时空变化及马铃薯产量的影响。施肥量为腐熟羊厩肥22 500kg/hm~2、N 150kg/hm~2、P_2O_575kg/hm~2、K2O 270kg/hm~2。结果表明:不同施肥处理各土层土壤含水量随着马铃薯生育期的推进均呈现波动变化;生育期土壤剖面含水量呈现“?”形变化趋势,20~40cm土层为最大蓄水层和耗水层。NPK、MNPK、M处理土壤含水量显著高于NK、NP、PK和CK,说明施用有机肥或氮磷钾化肥配施均能提高土壤持水性能。两年平均产量以M处理最高,其次是NPK处理,再次是MNPK处理;商品薯率也以NPK、M和MNPK处理较高;单株结薯数以M、PK、MNPK、NPK处理较高,NK和CK处理较低。研究结果表明,缺乏磷、钾较缺乏氮素对马铃薯产量、商品薯率、结薯数的影响更为严重。
In order to explore the relationship between fertilization and spatio-temporal changes of soil moisture and yield in potato fields, the randomized block design was used to study the effects of organic fertilizers (MNPK), organic manure (M), NPK ), NP, NK, PK and CK on the spatio-temporal variations of soil water content and potato yield in potato field. The amount of fertilization was 22 500kg / hm ~ 2, N 150kg / hm ~ 2, P2O575kg / hm ~ 2, K2O 270kg / hm ~ 2. The results showed that the soil water content of different fertilization treatments fluctuated with the growth of potato. The moisture content of soil profile showed “” shape in the growth period, and the largest aquifer in 20-40 cm soil layer And water level. NPK, MNPK and M treatments were significantly higher than those of NK, NP, PK and CK, indicating that the application of organic manure or NPK fertilizers can improve soil water holding capacity. The average yield of two years was highest in M treatment, followed by NPK treatment and again in MNPK treatment; the potato yield was also higher in NPK, M and MNPK treatments; the tuber number per plant was higher in M, PK, MNPK and NPK treatments, NK and CK treatment is lower. The results show that the lack of phosphorus and potassium than the lack of nitrogen on the potato yield, commodity potato yield, tuber number more serious impact.