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知识是几代人或社会群体共同劳动的结果,具有公共品性质。知识的私有化是历史性的。在资本主义生产方式下,资本为生产更多的剩余价值,通过雇佣劳动、知识产权、全球分工等方式无偿占有公共的、他人的知识。知识的资本占有虽然在一定程度上促进了新知识的积累和财富的生产,但资本积累的内在需求规定了知识进步的方向,限制了知识积累的持续性和创新能力的提高。重新审视知识私有化的历史性和局限性有利于正确认识中国创新型国家建设的问题。
Knowledge is the result of joint work by generations or social groups, with the nature of public goods. Privatization of knowledge is historic. In the capitalist mode of production, capital produces more surplus value for its own sake, and gratuitously possesses public and other knowledge through wage labor, intellectual property, and global division of labor. Although the capital possession of knowledge promoted the accumulation of new knowledge and wealth to a certain extent, the intrinsic demand of capital accumulation stipulated the direction of knowledge advancement, which limited the continuity of knowledge accumulation and the improvement of innovation ability. Reviewing the historicity and limitations of privatization of knowledge is conducive to correctly understanding the issue of building an innovative country in China.