s: Wood anatomy of Calligonum mongolicum Turcz. was describedfrom an ecological perspective. This species showed similar wood structure to that species published in the same genus. This species has distinct growth ring boundaries, ring-porosity, distinct helical thickenings, simple perforation plate, nonseptate fibre, axial parenchyma, uni-or 2-5-seriate heterogeneousrays, and alternate intervessel pitting. It was observed that there is a slightly increase of fibre length as the diameter from the pith increases. However, the vessel element length remains more or less constant from pith to bark. Furthermore, the relationships between anatomical features and adaptability to desert environments were discussed. This species was similar wood structure to that species published in the same genus. This species has distinct growth ring boundaries, ring-porosity, distinct helical thickenings, simple perforation plates, Nonseptate fiber, axial parenchyma, uni-or 2-5-seriate heterogeneousrays, and alternate intervessel pitting. It was observed that there is a slight increase of fiber length as the diameter from the pith increases. However, the vessel element length remains more or or less constant from pith to bark. furthermore, the relationships between anatomical features and adaptability to desert environments were discussed.