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区别于历史建筑、馆藏文物等其他类型,考古遗址资源尤为珍稀与脆弱,世界各国大都将重要考古遗址作为公共资源由政府承担主要保护管理责任。在我国,遗址属于特殊国有资产,构成中华文明演进发展的历史空间主干。然而目前国有遗址产权管理维护体系尚未建立,与之相配套的资金保障机制不健全,过度依赖中央财政保护展示工程建设项目资金和地方政府土地财政,大遗址保护事权与支出责任存在严重结构性失衡。根据大遗址保护管理土地产权和资金投入等资源配置需求特点将大遗址保护划分保护区、开放参观区和混合居住区三大模式,在此基础上建立大遗址保护资金需求时间模型,说明大遗址保护财政制度需要具备跨区性、长效性和应急性超强配置能力。
Different from other types of historical buildings and cultural relics, the resources of archaeological sites are especially rare and fragile. Most of the countries in the world assume the major protection and management responsibility of important archeological sites as public resources by the government. In our country, the ruins belong to special state-owned assets and constitute the backbone of the historical space of the evolution of Chinese civilization. However, at present, the system of property rights management and maintenance of state-owned sites has not yet been established, and the matching financial support mechanism is not perfect. Over-reliance on funds from the central government’s protection and construction projects and the land finance of local governments have serious structural imbalances . Based on the characteristics of resource allocation such as land property right protection and capital investment, the site will be divided into three major modes of protected area, open area and mixed residential area. On the basis of this, a time model of capital needs protection for large sites will be established to show that large sites The protection of the financial system needs to be trans-regional, long-term and emergency super configuration ability.