本文力图在新的时代背景下探讨马克思主义经济学有关资本主义生产当事人的动机和行为模式的理论。第一节和第二节分析了马克思的资本主义生产当事人概念,指出马克思分别在资本一般、竞争、以及不确定性的角度解释了资本主义生产当事人的行为和动机。第三节简略地评论了经济制度的多样性与行为模式之间的互动关系,并提出“资本主义生产当事人”这样的概念在面对制度多样性的问题时有其局限性。 This article seeks to explore the theory of Marxist economics about motives and patterns of behavior of capitalist producers in the context of a new era. Sections I and II analyze Marx’s concept of capitalist production parties, and point out that Marx explains the behavior and motivation of capitalist producers in the aspects of capital generality, competition and uncertainty respectively. Section III briefly reviews the interactive relationship between the diversity of economic systems and the patterns of behavior and proposes that the notion of “the party of capitalist production” has its limitations in the face of the issue of institutional diversity.