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寡糖是动植物生长发育过程中一类重要的信号，可以调节多种反应。寡糖可以影响豌豆茎切段的伸长及烟草外植体的形态发生，还可诱导乙烯产生和果实成熟。在植物抗病防卫反应中，寡糖可以诱导植保素的合成及蛋白酶抑制剂的合成，并可诱导对病毒的抗性。植物和真菌细胞壁降解时产生的寡糖片断均可作为信号诱导植物的抗病防卫反应。庚－β－葡聚糖和寡聚几丁质的结合蛋白已经得到鉴定。寡糖信号转导过程中有磷酸化和去磷酸化的发生，膜的过氧化，并涉及到离子流和活性氧的产生等。
Oligosaccharides are important signals in the growth and development of animals and plants and can regulate many kinds of reactions. Oligosaccharides can affect the elongation of pea shoots and the morphogenesis of tobacco explants, but also induce ethylene production and fruit ripening. In plant defense response, oligosaccharides can induce phytoalexin synthesis and protease inhibitor synthesis, and can induce resistance to the virus. Oligosaccharide fragments produced by plant and fungal cell wall degradation can serve as signal-induced plant defense responses. G-beta-glucan and oligomeric chitin binding proteins have been identified. Oligosaccharides in the process of signal transduction phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, membrane peroxidation, and related to the ion current and reactive oxygen species and so on.